I. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom qab nthab uas tau ua hauv 30 vib nas this thiab them rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo
Feem ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom qab nthab ua raws li tus qauv kom kwv yees nws tuaj yeem sau tau. Tus kws kes duab vajtse qhia cov khoom siv raws li qhov tau siv ntawm qhov project kawg. Tus neeg soj ntsuam kom muaj nuj nqis nqi nws ib square meter - cov ntaub ntawv nkaus xwb, kev ua haujlwm kwv yees los ntawm cov nqi keeb kwm. Tus neeg cog lus xaj txhua yam uas phim tus spec ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj. Thiab tus tswv, leej twg yuav siv sijhawm ob xyoo tom ntej no nyob nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm 30-thib ob qhov kev yuav khoom, tsis nyob hauv chav tsev thaum xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv no.
Peb cov ntaub ntawv uas tswj hwm lub ntiaj teb raug tshem tawm - qab nthab thiab ncaj nraim - mount qab nthab ua lag luam txhua qhov muaj qhov sib txawv.Gypsum board- tseem hu ua phab ntsa qhuav, plasterboard, los yog Sheetrock - yog lub neej ntawd nyob rau hauv North American thiab European thaj chaw thiab lub teeb- kev lag luam tsim. Nws yog pheej yig ib square meter, paub txog txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm phab ntsa ntub dej hauv ntiaj teb, thiab xa cov seamless, monolithic nto uas architects hlub. Nws qhov tsis muaj zog - ua tiav qhov tsis zoo rau dej, kev ua haujlwm- kev teeb tsa hnyav thiab ua tiav, thiab qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke - raug kho raws li kev lag luam lees paub- tawm vim "uas yog li cas ceilings ua haujlwm."
Mineral fiber qab nthab vuas- daim phiaj raug tshem tawm-thiab- pobzeb txheej txheem thoob plaws hauv chaw ua haujlwm, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, thiab khw muag khoom - daws cov teeb meem saum toj no- qab nthab nkag teeb meem uas gypsum tsim. Npog lub pobzeb, nkag mus rau lub plenum, pop nws rov qab. Kev lag luam tawm -tawm yog qhov zoo nkauj: daim phiaj pom, cov vuas uas stains thiab sag nrog cov av noo, thiab cov npoo uas fray nrog txhua lub voj voog kev saib xyuas. Cov vuas yog siv tau; daim phiaj yog ib nrab- mus tas li; lub qab nthab raws li ib qho system yeej tsis zoo dua li nws ua nyob rau hnub installation thiab degrades tsis tu ncua tom qab ntawd.
PVC qab nthab panels- nruj, nplaig-thiab- zawj, muaj nyob rau hauv tiav los ntawm siab -gloss dawb mus rau ntoo- nplej thiab hlau - yog cov khoom uas gypsum thiab cov ntxhia fiber ntau cov neeg muag khoom xav tsis tham txog. Lawv yog cov tshiab rau cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb sib tham. Lawv nqa cov "yas" stigma. Thiab lawv tau ua haujlwm zoo dua ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv qub txeeg qub teg ntawm qhov ntev uas tswj hwm tus nqi ntawm lub neej: kev tiv thaiv dej, kev teeb tsa nrawm, txij nkawm zaus, thiab zoo nkauj durability. Txhawm rau saib ze dua ntawm cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj tam sim no muaj, xaujPVC qab nthab panels nrog tiag tiag ntoo, tin, thiab plaster aesthetics →
II. Dej: Qhov tsis pom qhov sib txawv uas tam sim ntawd tshem tawm ob ntawm peb tus neeg sib tw los ntawm ib nrab chav hauv ib lub tsev
Yog tias koj tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv los ntawm qhov kev sib piv no, coj qhov no: dej yog ib qho ua rau lub qab nthab tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov tsev, thiab ob qho ntawm peb cov khoom siv qab nthab yog cov txheej txheem tsis muaj peev xwm ciaj sia. Qhov no tsis yog qhov sib txawv marginal. Nws yog ib qho kev tshem tawm binary uas yuav tsum yog thawj lim hauv txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qab nthab - thiab nws yuav luag tsis yog.
Gypsum board yog qhov tseem ceeb compressed gypsum plaster sandwiched ntawm ob txheej ntawm daim ntawv. Thaum dej hu rau daim ntawv ntsib - los ntawm lub ru tsev xau, cov kav dej xau, HVAC condensate overflow, los yog cov av noo siab - daim ntawv wicks noo noo mus rau hauv lub gypsum core. Lub hauv paus poob cov qauv kev ncaj ncees. Lub board sags, ces collapses. Txawm hais tias lub rooj tsavxwm dries tawm, daim ntawv lub ntsej muag yog stained mus tas li thiab cov tub ntxhais tseem tsis tau tag nrho nws lub zog qub. Tsis muaj kev kho. Muaj tsuas yog hloov. Cov "moisture-resistant" gypsum variants - ntsuab thiab ntshav boards - yog me ntsis yooj yim, tab sis lawv tseem yog gypsum -thiab-paper composites; lawv tiv taus ya raws marginally zoo dua cov txheej txheem board, tab sis lawv tsis muaj sia nyob nrog dej sib cuag.
Mineral fiber vuas yog ib qho kev ncua ntawm cov ntxhia wool, cellulose, thiab starch binders. Lawv yog cov ntxeem tau los ntawm kev tsim - qhov porosity yog dab tsi ua rau lawv acoustic absorption. Qhov porosity kuj ua rau lawv nqus cov dej noo zoo li daim txhuam cev. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas tus txheeb ze av noo tsis tu ncua ntau tshaj 70%, cov pob zeb hauv av fiber ntau pib nqus dej noo los ntawm huab cua, poob qhov ruaj khov, thiab sag pom nyob rau hauv ob mus rau peb xyoos. Stains - los ntawm dej, los ntawm kas fes, los ntawm txhua yam - nyob mus ib txhis. Cov nplais tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav tau; nws tsuas yog hloov tau. Hauv kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab zaub mov- ib puag ncig kev pabcuam, qhov porosity no kuj ua rau cov pobzeb ua rau cov pa paug rau cov pa paug, pwm spores, thiab cov kab mob.
PVC qab nthab panels yog kaw -cell, tsis yog-polymer ntxeem tau. Cov hlaws dej ntawm qhov chaw thiab dov tawm. Cov av noo tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv lub cev. Cov kav dej xau los ntawm hauv pem teb saum toj no - qhov tshwm sim uas rhuav tshem lub qab nthab gypsum thiab stains cov pob zeb hauv av fiber ntau mus tas li - tawm ntawm PVC qab nthab tsis cuam tshuam. So kom qhuav. Nws tsis hloov. Cov cuab yeej no piav qhia tias yog vim li cas lub tsev so chav dej qab nthab, chav ua noj hauv chav ua noj, qab nthab qab nthab, pas dej ua ke qab nthab, thiab txhua lub qab nthab hauv lub monsoon{10}}kev nyab xeeb lub tsev tau nce ntau teev hauv PVC es tsis yog gypsum lossis ntxhia fiber ntau. Cov khoom siv tsis yog "dej-resistant." Nws yogdej-tsis txawv.Qhov kev sib txawv ntawd - ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm nws - yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub qab nthab uas yuav muaj sia nyob ntawm qhov dej ntws thiab lub qab nthab uas tsis sau npe tias qhov dej ntws tawm.
Tus neeg saib xyuas chaw nyob hauv tsev kho mob hauv Singapore - ib lub tebchaws uas huab cua nyob ib puag ncig 80% xyoo- puag ncig - tau piav qhia txog gypsum- rau- hloov PVC hauv lawv tus neeg mob- chav tsev ceilings li no:"Peb tau hloov gypsum qab nthab boards nyob rau hauv tsawg kawg yog rau chav txhua xyoo - tsis yog los ntawm cov av noo, tsuas yog los ntawm cov av noo-tsav sib koom ua ke tawg thiab degradation. Cov pob zeb hauv av fiber ntau vuas nyob rau hauv txoj kev hauv tsev tau sagging nyob rau hauv 18 lub hlis ntawm installation. Peb hloov cov chaw ntub dej rau PVC panels ua ntej. Tam sim no peb qhia tag nrho cov txheej txheem rau PVC. tsis yog-hluav taws- ntsuas qab nthab daim ntawv thov kev saib xyuas rau cov teeb meem qab nthab tau los ntawm ntau qhov nkag hauv ib hlis mus rau xoom nkag hauv 14 lub hlis.
Qhov ntsiag to - qhov tsis muaj qab nthab- cuam tshuam txog kev nkag mus rau hauv 140-chav tsev kho mob - yog cov ntaub ntawv ncaj ncees tshaj plaws hauv qhov kev sib piv tag nrho. Rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv PVC li cas tshem tawm lub nra ntawm kev saib xyuas thoob plaws phab ntsa, saib pebqis-Kev saib xyuas PVC qab nthab vaj huam sib luag qhia →
III. Installation Speed - Qhov twg cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm txawm muaj sia nyob lossis tuag ntawm qhov chaw
Ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, lub sijhawm tsis yog nyiaj. Lub sij hawm yogkim duantau dua li cov nyiaj, vim tias lub sijhawm dhau los ua rau muaj kev nplua nuj, ncua kev lag luam hauv qab, thiab siv cov khoom siv dav dav - cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas tsis muaj cov khoom txuag tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Qhov ceev ntawm lub qab nthab tuaj yeem ntsia tau - los ntawm cov joists liab qab los yog kab sib chaws kom tiav, pleev xim rau, xuas nrig ntaus- daim ntawv teev npe-npaj nto - yog li tsis yog "zoo-rau- muaj" qhov kev txiav txim siab thib ob. Nws yog, nyob rau hauv ntau txoj haujlwm, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam sib txawv.
Lub qab nthab ua kom qhuav ua raws ntau- kauj ruam, ntau-hnub, ntub- txheej txheem ua ntu zus. Dai lub rooj tsavxwm. Kaw cov pob qij txha. Siv thawj lub tsho tiv no ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Tos kom qhuav - 24 teev nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob zoo tagnrho, ntev nyob rau hauv cov av noo. Xuab zeb. Siv lub tsho thib ob. Tos. Xuab zeb dua. Siv lub tsho tiv no skim. Tos. Zaum kawg sanding. Prime. Tos. Thawj lub tsho tiv no. Tos. Thib ob lub tsho tiv no. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom zoo nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm paub dhau los, lub qab nthab gypsum yuav siv sijhawm 4-7 hnub los ntawm kev dai rau qhov kawg pleev xim rau ntawm chav tsev - thiab txhua txhua hnub ntawm qhov sib lawv li no tsim cov plua plav, yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm huab cua rau kev ziab kom qhuav, thiab thaiv lwm yam kev lag luam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw. Cov plua plav ib leeg - ib qho zoo, huab cua gypsum particulate nyob rau txhua qhov chaw kab rov tav thiab infiltrates HVAC ductwork - yog kev tsim kho- theem ib puag ncig lub nra uas gypsum sib piv cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua hais.
Mineral fiber suspended ceilings sai dua. Daim phiaj yog ntsia rau hauv ib hnub. Vuas poob rau hnub thib ob. Ib qho chaw ua haujlwm hauv pem teb tuaj yeem ua qab nthab- ua tiav hauv 48 teev. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm gypsum yog qhov tiag thiab tseem ceeb - uas yog vim li cas cov ntxhia fiber ntau dominates kev lag luam sab hauv kev lag luam. Tab sis ceev yog yuav ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev zoo nkauj (pom daim phiaj) thiab ntev - lub sij hawm fragility (cov nplais ntug puas, sag, stain).
PVC qab nthab panels nruab sai dua ib qho. Cov txheej txheem qhuav - tsis muaj qhov sib xyaw, tsis muaj sijhawm ziab, tsis muaj xuab zeb, tsis muaj xim. Tus nplaig-thiab-groove panels yog screwed los yog clipped rau furring strips los yog ib lub teeb -gauge steel daim phiaj, los yog ncaj qha mus rau lub suab substrate. Ib tug ob-tus neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav lub qab nthab ntawm tus qauv 20 m² chav nyob hauvib hnub ua haujlwm- thiab chav siv tau tam sim ntawd. Zero plua plav. Zero tsw. Zero curing tos. Rau lub tsev so lossis chav tsev nrog 100 chav zoo tib yam rau qab nthab, lub sij hawm compression ua tiav nrog PVC vaj huam sib luag system - ntsuas tawm tsam gypsum lwm yam - tuaj yeem ua rauob mus rau peb lub lis piamntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov nyiaj khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej dav dav, tus nqi nyiaj txiag, thiab cov nyiaj tau los thaum ntxov - nyob.
| Installation Dimension | PVC Qab nthab Panels | Gypsum Board Qab nthab | Mineral Fiber Suspended Qab nthab |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hom txheej txheem | Qhuav - nyem / xauv lossis ntsia hlau | ntub - sib koom ua ke, ntau theem ziab | Qhuav - daim phiaj + pobzeb poob-in |
| Installation Lub sij hawm (20 m² chav) | 1 hnub | 4-7 hnub | 1-2 hnub |
| Yuav tsum tau ua tiav | Tsis muaj - Hoobkas- ua tiav nto | Taping, 3-coat compound, xuab zeb, priming, 2-coat xim | Tsis muaj - Hoobkas- tiav pobzeb nto |
| Plua plav tiam | Zero | Hnyav - nplua gypsum hmoov av thoob plaws hauv cov xuab zeb; nyob txhua qhov chaw, nkag mus rau HVAC | Tsawg kawg - txiav cov vuas rau ib puag ncig nkaus xwb |
| Muaj nyob tom qab installation | Tam sim ntawd | 24-48 teev tom qab cov xim kawg (kho + VOC dissipation) | Tam sim ntawd |
| Saum toj no -Ceiling Access | Yuav tsum tau tshem tawm vaj huam sib luag (siv tau nrog cov ntsia hlau- tsau vaj huam sib luag) | Kev puas tsuaj - yuav tsum tau txiav cov kaus mom; patching yeej tsis pom | Zoo heev - ib tus neeg cov nplais tshem tawm; tsim los rau kev nkag |
Kev sib piv ntawm kev teeb tsa qhia pom qhov kev pom zoo uas cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau saib dhau: PVC qab nthab vaj huam sib luag muab covceev ntawm ib daim phiaj qhuav nrog lub monolithic, seamless tsos ntawm ib tug tiav gypsum qab nthab- kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tsis muaj cov khoom qub txeeg qub teg tuaj yeem muab tau. Daim phiaj system yog ceev tab sis pom kev cuam tshuam. Lub gypsum qab nthab yog visually seamless tab sis qeeb, plua plav, thiab ntub dej. PVC panels zaum ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam uas tsis muaj tus neeg sib tw ua haujlwm. Rau qhov tshwj xeeb- qib qab nthab panels nrog cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa kev cai, tshawbYUPSENI's PVC qab nthab board ntau yam →
Fig. 1 - Qhov txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm pom tau pom. Sab laug: PVC qab nthab panels txhim kho ntawm tus nplaig qhuav - thiab - zawj kev sib koom ua ke - tsis muaj qhov sib xyaw, tsis muaj plua plav, tsis muaj sij hawm ziab, chav tsev siv tau tam sim ntawd. Txoj cai: lub gypsum qab nthab ua tiav ib ntus - taping, peb lub tsho tiv no nrog lub sijhawm ziab, xuab zeb, priming, ob lub tsho tiav - ib 4- mus rau 7-hnub plua plav-tsim txoj haujlwm ntawm chav ua ntej lwm yam kev lag luam tuaj yeem nkag mus.
IV. Lub 20-Xyoo Arithmetic Tsis muaj leej twg suav txog kom txog rau thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2020 Kev Kho Hniav Rau Lawv
Tus nqi ntawm ib -square- cov khoom siv 'meter' tus nqi - tus naj npawb uas tswj cov kev sib tham ntawm kev yuav khoom - yog daim duab tsis tseeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub tsev- cov khoom lag luam. Cov khoom siv qab nthab uas raug nqi ib nrab ntawm ib square meter tab sis yuav tsum tau hloov peb zaug tshaj 20 xyoo tsis yog pheej yig dua. Nws yog tus nqi rov ua dua tshiab uas yog ib qho - txuag lub sijhawm, thiab qhov zais cia tau zoo txaus uas feem ntau cov peev nyiaj tsis tau pom los ntawm nws.
Cia peb taug kev los ntawm qhov tseeb 20-xyoo tus nqi ntawm 100 m² qab nthab installation - kwv yees thaj tsam qab nthab ntawm lub tsev noj mov me me, chaw ua haujlwm nruab nrab, lossis chav tsev loj loj - nyob rau hauv peb cov khoom siv. Cov kev xav tau yog kev saib xyuas thiab ua raws li kev sib tham nrog cov neeg cog lus hauv nruab nrab - kev lag luam tus nqi (Southeast Asia, Southern Europe, mid-tier US regions).
| Qeb Nqi | PVC Qab nthab Panels | Gypsum Board Qab nthab | Mineral Fiber Suspended Qab nthab |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khoom siv (m²) | $8–14 | $4–7 | $6–12 |
| Daim phiaj / Furring (ib m²) | $3–5 | $2–4 (furring channel) | $5–8 (T- kab sib chaws) |
| Installation Labor (100 m²) | $400–700 | $1,200–2,000 | $600–1,000 |
| Kev Ua Haujlwm tiav (kab xev / sib xyaw / xuab zeb / xim) | $0 | $800–1,400 | $0 |
| Tag Nrho Cov Nqi Them (100 m²) | $1,500–2,600 | $2,400–4,100 | $1,700–3,000 |
| 10-Xyoo Kho / Hloov | $0 | $1,200–3,000 (kev kho cov dej ntws tawm, sib koom ua ke sib tsoo, hloov ib nrab, rov ua dua) | $600–1,800 (stained / sagged pobzeb hloov, kab sib chaws hloov) |
| 20-Xyoo Tag Nrho Hloov | $0 | $2,400–4,100 (hloov tag nrho yog dej- puas los yog sib koom ua ke- tsis ua hauj lwm tsub zuj zuj) | $1,700–3,000 (tag nrho cov pobzeb hloov; daim phiaj yuav ciaj sia) |
| 20-Xyoo Tag Nrho Tus Nqi (100 m²) | $1,500–2,600 | $3,600–8,200+ | $2,900–6,600+ |
Peb qhov kev soj ntsuam tshwm sim los ntawm cov lej no. Ua ntej, PVC qab nthab panels yogtwb raug nqi - sib tw ntawm thawj qhov kev teeb tsa- cov khoom kim heev tshaj gypsum yog ntau tshaj li offset los ntawm kev tshem tawm tag nrho cov kais dej -compound-sanding-painting finishing sequence, uas yog lub feem ntau ua hauj lwm -intensive thiab teem sij hawm-siv theem ntawm ib tug gypsum qab nthab installation. Qhov kev xav tias PVC yog "khoom kim dua" yog ib qho lus dab neeg uas txhawb nqa los ntawm kev sib piv cov khoom siv kab - cov nqi hauv kev sib cais es tsis yog tag nrho cov nqi nruab.
Qhov thib ob, qhov sib txawv ntawm 20 xyoo tsis yog marginal. Nws yog ibyam ntawm ob mus rau peb- lub qab nthab gypsum nqi kwv yees li ob npaug rau peb npaug li qhov PVC qab nthab nqi ntau tshaj ob xyoo lawm, thiab cov ntxhia fiber ntau yog ib nrab ntawm -thiab-a- ib nrab mus rau ob-thiab-ib- ib nrab sijhawm. Tag nrho qhov sib txawv yog tsav los ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab hloov lub voj voog uas PVC tsuas yog tsis ua rau - tsis muaj dej- hloov pauv, tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke - kho tawg, tsis muaj repainting, tsis muaj stained - pobzeb sib pauv- tawm.
Thib peb, cov lej saum toj no tsis suav nrog cov nqi muag muag uas nyuaj rau kev suav tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej hauv kev coj ua: kev lag luam cuam tshuam thaum hloov lub qab nthab (lub tsev noj mov raug kaw rau ib lub lim tiam poob nyiaj, tsis yog cuam tshuam cov ntawv cog lus), cov rooj tog tiv thaiv thiab plua plav thaum lub sij hawm gypsum sanding, cov thawj coj nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ntawm kev teem sijhawm thiab saib xyuas kev kho. Cov nqi muag khoom no - pom tsis pom ntawm daim ntawv sib piv cov nqi khoom siv - yog qhov uas qhov kev lag luam tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab nthab siab heev - tu cov ntaub ntawv. Rau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm PVC qab nthab kev lag luam thoob plaws ntau hom phiaj xwm, saib pebPVC qab nthab board nqi tsom xam →
V. Kev zoo nkauj thiab caj npab-Length Test: Dab tsi tiag tiag zoo tom qab tsib xyoos ntawm av noo, plua plav, thiab tsis saib xyuas
Daim ntawv yees duab rau tag nrho peb cov ntaub ntawv qab nthab yog flawless. Lub gypsum qab nthab yog ib tug du, seamless dawb dav hlau, ci tusyees, tsis yog ib tug sib koom kab los yog fastener duab ntxoov ntxoo nyob rau hauv pom. Cov nplais pobzeb pobzeb qab nthab yog nkig, geometric, txhua pobzeb tiaj tiaj thiab huv si -edged hauv nws daim phiaj. PVC vaj huam sib luag qab nthab gleams - siab-gloss dawb los yog ntoo nplua nuj- nplej, tus nplaig-thiab- zawj cov pob qij txha nruj thiab sib xws.
Cov lus nug uas tseem ceeb yog tsis yog cov ceilings zoo li cas rau hnub installation. Nws yog qhov lawv zoo li tom qab tsib xyoos ntawm -cov xwm txheej hauv ntiaj teb tiag. Thiab ntawm lo lus nug no, peb cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv heev.
Gypsum board ceilings hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev,ob qho tib si qauv. Qhov thib ib yog kev sib koom ua ke - qhov zoo, cov kab plaub hau tawg uas tshwm nyob rau ntawm cov kab xev nplaum ntawm cov laug cam, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thawj ob xyoos ntawm lub caij ntuj sov caij tsheb kauj vab lossis kev sib haum xeeb me me. Thaum nws tshwm sim, nws yeej tsis ploj mus. Nws tuaj yeem patched, tab sis thaj - nyias nyias ntawm qhov sib xyaw feathered hla lub tawg - nws tus kheej yuav tawg thaum kawg, vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub rooj tsavxwm tsis tau nres. Qhov thib ob aging mechanism yog decoloration decoloration - maj mam yellowing ntawm cov xim zaj duab xis, accelerated los ntawm UV raug nyob ze qhov rais, los ntawm kev ua noj aerosols nyob rau hauv chav ua noj, los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb, los yog tsuas yog los ntawm oxidative laus ntawm cov xim binder. Lub qab nthab gypsum uas zoo nkaus li zoo meej rau hnub ib yuav, nyob rau hauv tsib xyoos, pom cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov tsis sib xws, yellowed nto nyob rau hauv feem ntau nyob ib puag ncig.
Mineral fiber vuas hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev,txhua yam tsis tu ncua. Cov pobzeb ntug fray - txhua zaus cov pobzeb yog lifted rau saum- qab nthab nkag, cov mos compressed-fiber ntug yog abraded tiv thaiv kab sib chaws, shedding particulate thiab poob nws crisp geometry. Cov nplais ntsej muag stains - ntxhia fiber ntau yog ntxeem tau thiab nqus tau; dej stains, kas fes splashes los ntawm hauv qab no, huab cua- ua pa roj ua noj, thiab txawm tias cov roj tes los ntawm kev teeb tsa tawm cov cim mus tas li uas tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav. Thiab cov pobzeb sags - nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntub, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab absorbs atmospheric noo noo, cov pobzeb poob rigidity, thiab qhov chaw droops hauv qab daim phiaj dav hlau, tsim kom pom lub qab nthab visibly undulating. Lub voj voog hloov rau cov nplais pobzeb hauv siab - av av lossis siab - qhov chaw nkag mus yog feem ntau 5-8 xyoo - txhais tau tias lub qab nthab yog ib txwm ua rau thaj tsam, mosaic ntawm thawj thiab hloov cov vuas nrog cov hnub nyoog sib txawv me ntsis, cov xim sib txawv me ntsis, tsis saib zoo li qub.
PVC qab nthab panels hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev,thiab nws yuav luag imperceptibly qeeb. Cov xim tsis yog txheej txheej - nws yog compounded rau hauv lub polymer los yog siv raws li ib tug co-extruded txheej molecularly bonded rau lub substrate. Nws tsis daj (UV-stabilized formulations). Nws tsis tawg (cov khoom yog elastic, tsis nkig; lub tsev txav yog absorbed, tsis kam). Nws tsis stains (qhov saum npoo tsis yog - ntxeem tau; cov kab mob paug zaum saum toj thiab so tawm). Tom qab tsib xyoos, PVC qab nthab vaj huam sib luag zoo ib yam rau nws cov installation-hnub zoo li - yog tias nws tau txais ib ntus so- nqes tias txhua lub qab nthab hauv qhov chaw nyob yuav tsum tau txais.
"arm's-length test" - ib kab lus uas tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tsim qauv sab hauv tsev so uas kuv tau xam phaj hauv Ho Chi Minh City - captures qhov zoo nkauj sib piv concisely:"Sawv ntawm caj npab ntev ntawm lub qab nthab. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem pom qhov tsis xws luag - kev sib koom ua ke, pobzeb sag, stain halo, daim phiaj tsis sib xws - lub qab nthab tau ua tsis tiav. Tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi nws raug nqi lossis hom dab tsi yog stamped rau sab nraub qaum. Cov qhua pom lub qab nthab tsis zoo. Lub sij hawm. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no peb siv PVC. caj npab-length xeem Cov gypsum qab nthab hauv peb cov khoom qub tsis muaj."
VI. Kev Sib Tham Kev Sib Tham Hluav Taws Xob Uas Hloov Txhua Yam - thiab qhov tseeb ntsiag to tom qab cov ntawv faib
Kev ua tau zoo hluav taws yog qhov loj me uas cov khoom siv qab nthab sib piv pivots tshaj plaws - thiab qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug tshaj tawm. Kev sib tham feem ntau pib thiab xaus nrog ib lo lus: "combustible." PVC yog combustible. Gypsum tsis yog -combustible. Yog li ntawd - yog li cov ntawv sau luv ua haujlwm - gypsum yog cov khoom siv qab nthab zoo dua, thiab PVC yuav tsum raug txwv rau cov ntawv thov uas cov lej hluav taws tso cai rau qhov chaw tawg.
Qhov no logic tsis yog lawm. Nws tsis tiav. Thiab qhov ua tsis tiav tseem ceeb, vim tias nws tsis pom qhov hluav taws kub - qhov ntev ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb uas PVC qab nthab panels ua tau zoo dua ob qho tib si gypsum thiab cov ntxhia fiber ntau - qhov ntev uas ua rau muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv hluav taws tiag tiag, tsis yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws - kev sib tham sib faib.
Gypsum board yog, nyob rau hauv hluav taws-cov ntsiab lus tsis kam, ib yam khoom zoo heev. Lub gypsum core muaj cov tshuaj chemically khi dej - kwv yees li 21% los ntawm qhov hnyav - uas tso tawm raws li chav dej thaum lub rooj tsavxwm raug hluav taws. Qhov no endothermic dehydration txheej txheem absorbs tshav kub thiab slows kub nce nyob rau hauv unexposed sab ntawm lub rooj sib txoos. Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm gypsum qab nthab kom zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov hluav taws kub - kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib, ob, lossis plaub teev. Rau cov ntawv thov uas qhov sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov qauv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yog cov cai yuav tsum tau ua - hluav taws- ntsuas txoj hauv kev, stairwell pressurization shafts, structural steel encapsulation - gypsum board tseem yog technically raug thiab feem ntau code-mandated xaiv.
Mineral fiber vuas nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj hauj lwm. Cov ntxhia wool puag yog inherently tsis-combustible. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab txhua yam khoom siv tuaj yeem tawg tau, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg. Kev lag luam feem ntau -qib ntxhia fiber ntau cov vuas muaj cov nplaim hluav taws hauv chav kawm A- kis tau tus nqi ntawm ASTM E84. Cov kab sib chaws nws tus kheej yog hlau, tsis yog -combustible. Qhov hluav taws kub tsis muaj zog ntawm cov ntxhia fiber ntau qab nthab tsis yog cov khoom siv - nws yog qhov system: cov pobzeb -rau- kab sib chaws tsis yog lub foob hluav taws; nplaim taws thiab cov pa kub kub tuaj yeem hla lub qab nthab dav hlau los ntawm cov kab sib txawv, thiab cov vuas lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem hloov chaw los ntawm hluav taws kub -vim cua siab, nthuav tawm lub plenum.
PVC qab nthab panels yog combustible. Lawv yog cov hydrocarbon-raws li polymer, thiab lawv yuav hlawv thaum raug nplaim taws. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau txo qis. Nws yog qhov tseeb kom nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb muaj peb yam.
Ua ntej,hluav taws kub-cov txheej txheem PVC retardant muaj thiab tau siv dav.Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws- cov khoom siv retardant - feem ntau halogenated compounds, hlau hydroxides, los yog phosphorus-raws li cov tshuab - nce qhov kub thiab txias, txo tus nqi ntawm nplaim taws, thiab txhawb tus kheej - tua tus cwj pwm thaum lub qhov hluav taws xob sab nraud raug tshem tawm. Ntau PVC qab nthab vaj huam sib luag ua tiav chav B lossis txawm tias Chav B1 qhov hluav taws kub nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm hauv lub tebchaws, txhais tau tias lawv raug cais raws li " nplaim taws- retardant" lossis "nyuaj rau ignite" cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Lub vaj huam sib luag yuav tsis txhawb kev sib txuas ntawm nws tus kheej thaum lub qhov hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm.
Thib ob,qhov hluav taws kub ua tau zoo ntawm lub qab nthab yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tsis yog cov khoom vaj khoom tsev.Lub vaj huam sib luag PVC qab nthab tau teeb tsa dhau ntawm qhov tsis yog-combustible substrate - pob zeb ua vaj tse, gypsum board backer, steel lawj - ua tau txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub dua li tib lub vaj huam sib luag kuaj hauv kev sib cais. Lub substrate ua raws li lub dab dej kub thiab nplaim taws teeb meem. Qhov kev ntsuas hluav taws muaj feem cuam tshuam tsis yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob tab sis qhov kev sib dhos ua tau zoo hauv chav tsev - kaum tsev ntsuas lossis tag nrho - ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas uas ua rau cov hluav taws kub tiag tiag.
Peb,Cov pa luam yeeb toxicity - feem ntau raug suav hais tias yog thawj qhov hluav taws kub - kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb rau PVC - yog cov khoom siv -dependent thiab additive-dependent.PVC combustion ua rau hydrogen chloride gas, uas yog tshuaj lom thiab corrosive. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nplaim hluav taws niaj hnub no -cov txheej txheem PVC retardant suav nrog cov kua qaub pov tseg - feem ntau calcium carbonate lossis lwm cov alkaline fillers - uas ntes ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm HCl tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm combustion, hloov mus rau calcium chloride ruaj khov. Cov pa luam yeeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tsim tau zoo-cov khoom siv hluav taws xob PVC tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg - tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub tsev hluav taws tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau ua pa - tab sis nws qis dua "PVC sib npaug cov pa luam yeeb tuag" luv luv uas nthuav dav hauv ntsuab- kev sib tham hauv tsev.
Kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob-kev nyab xeeb rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yog ntau dua li "combustible vs. non-combustible." Rau qhov hluav taws kub- ntsuas cov rooj sib txoos uas cov cai tswj hwm qhov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb hauv ib teev, gypsum board yog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab PVC yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov pauv. Rau qhov tsis yog - hluav taws kub - ntsuas qab nthab daim ntawv thov - cov chav pw thiab cov chaw nyob, cov chav tsev so, cov chaw ua haujlwm qab nthab hauv qab hauv qab slab, cov khw muag khoom qab nthab, chav dej thiab chav ua noj qab nthab - PVC qab nthab panels nrog cov nplaim hluav taws pov thawj- kev faib tawm thiab kev teeb tsa tsim nyog tau txais dav dav los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj Asia. Qhov tseem ceeb yog cov ntaub ntawv: hluav taws kub siv tau- daim ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam uas tau lees paub, lees paub lub vaj huam sib luag kev faib tawm raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv siv tau rau qhov project qhov chaw.
Fig. 2 - Lub tsev so chaw tos txais qab nthab hauv Da Nang, Nyab Laj, peb xyoos tom qab kev teeb tsa. PVC panels nrog cov ntoo matte-cov nplej tiav, nplaig- thiab- zawj cov pob qij txha, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke LED teeb pom kev zoo. Peb lub caij monsoon. Zero tu. Lub caj npab-length xeem: dhau. Thawj gypsum qab nthab nws hloov tau repainted ob zaug thiab tseem pom pom cov kab sib txuas.
