Lub sijhawm nyeem:8 feeb |Los ntawm:YUPSENI Team

1. I. Peb tsab ntawv txiav txim tias leej twg them rau dab tsi
2. II. Txoj Kab Risk Los Ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab Rooj Vag rau Koj Qhov Rooj
3. III. FOB lossis CIF: Kev Sib Tham Nrog Cov Lus Teb Tsis Txaus Siab
4. IV. Tag nrho kaum ib nqe lus ntawm ib nplooj ntawv
5. V. Nyeem ib nqe lus: Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb suav nrog
6. VI. Incoterms Ua Tau Raws Li Cov Cai Them Nqi: Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua tiav

Txhua qhov kev hais los ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv hauv tsev xaus tib txoj kev: peb tsab ntawv loj thiab lub npe chaw nres nkoj. FOB Shanghai. CIF Los Angeles. EXW Zibo. Cov neeg yuav khoom hla dhau lawv- tus nqi ntawm ib daim ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb- thiab tshawb pom lub lis piam tom qab tias tus nqi uas lawv xav tias lawv tau muab piv tsis yog tus nqi uas lawv them.

Cov ntawv tsis yog formality. Lawv kos ib kab los ntawm kev xa khoom xa tuaj thiab hais tias: txhua yam ntawm txoj kab no yog koj qhov teeb meem.

Phau ntawv qhia no txiav txim siab txog Incoterms uas tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab muab cov ntawv txheeb xyuas rau kev nyeem ib qho kev thov kom cov lej koj sib piv txhais tau tias tib yam. Nws txuas ntxiv cov importer kev kawm series nrog raucov nqe lus them nqi thiab daim nqi ntawm daim ntawv qhiathiab covshipping thiab ntim phau ntawv qhia.

Incoterms yog kaum ib nqe lus luam tawm los ntawm International Chamber of Commerce. Txhua tus teb ob nqe lus nug ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom xa tuaj: qhov twg tus neeg muag khoom lub luag haujlwm xaus, thiab qhov kev pheej hmoo hloov ntawm tus neeg muag khoom mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom. Tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo feem ntau txav mus ua ke. Thaum lawv tsis ua-thiab muaj cov ntsiab lus uas lawv cais- qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov chaw tsis sib haum xeeb.

Rau ib tus neeg tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev PVC, txhua lo lus txhais ua ib qho ntawm cov lus nug siv tau. Leej twg them rau lub tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm lub Hoobkas mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj? Leej twg them tus nqi thauj khoom hiav txwv? Leej twg yuav cov ntawv pov hwm marine? Leej twg clears kev lis kev cai ntawm qhov chaw? Leej twg them tus nqi ntshuam?

Hloov ib tsab ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov lus hais thiab koj tau hloov cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug ib zaug.

Sib piv CIF cov lus hais los ntawm ib tus neeg muag khoom tawm tsam FOB hais los ntawm lwm tus tsis yog qhov sib piv tus nqi. Nws yog muab piv rau ob tus nqi sib txawv hnav khaub ncaws ua ib qho.

Duab txoj kev taug kev ntawm ib lub thawv ntawm SPC flooring. Hoobkas pem teb. Tsheb thauj mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj. Terminal cia. Lub nkoj. Kev hla dej hiav txwv. Lub ntsiab lus davhlau ya nyob twg. Lub tsheb thauj khoom mus rau koj lub warehouse. Tam sim no kos ib kab nyob rau ntawm txoj kev ntawd. Ntawm ib sab, txhua yam uas mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm yog tus muag khoom. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws yog koj li.

Incoterms yog kab.

Nyob rau hauv EXW (Ex Works), tus neeg muag khoom txoj haujlwm xaus thaum cov khoom zaum ntawm lawv tus kheej lub Hoobkas, npaj rau tuaj tos. Tus neeg yuav khoom ua txhua yam tom qab ntawd: tsheb thauj khoom, cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm, nqi chaw nres nkoj, nkoj booking, hiav txwv freight, kev tuav pov hwm, kev lis kev cai clearance, thiab xa zaum kawg. Raws li DDP (Delivered Duty Them), txhua tus ntawm cov kauj ruam no yog tus neeg muag khoom qhov teeb meem- suav nrog cov nqi xa tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Txhua yam ntawm EXW thiab DDP yog kev sib haum xeeb, thiab txoj cai tswj hwm tag nrho cov khoom yog yooj yim: qhov ntxiv rau cov tsiaj ntawv lub sij hawm zaum, ntau tus neeg muag khoom yuav siv sij hawm.

FOB (Free On Board) thiab CIF (Nyiaj, Insurance thiab Freight) dominate lub tsev hais cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau cov importers xav tias lawv yog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Lawv xav tias yuam kev.

Nyob rau hauv FOB, tus neeg yuav khoom phau ntawv thiab them nyiaj rau dej hiav txwv freight thiab kev tuav pov hwm. Raws li CIF, tus neeg muag khoom ua ob qho tib si - cov khoom thauj thiab cov ntawv pov hwm yooj yim tau muab ntim rau hauv tus nqi hais. Qhov ntawd yog tib yam uas hloov ntawm ob.

Txoj kab kev pheej hmoo yog tib yam. Hauv ob nqe lus, kev ua tswv cuab ntawm cov khoom dhau los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom thaum lub sijhawm lawv thauj khoom ntawm lub nkoj ntawm lub hauv paus chaw nres nkoj. Raws li FOB, tus neeg yuav khoom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev caij nkoj hauv hiav txwv thiab sau daim tshev mus rau kab xa khoom ncaj qha. Raws li CIF, tus neeg yuav khoom tseem muaj qhov pheej hmoo - tus neeg muag khoom tsuas yog them tus nqi thauj khoom thiab npaj cov cai pov hwm yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau tus neeg yuav khoom. Tus neeg yuav khoom tau pov hwm cov khoom uas lawv twb muaj lawm, nrog rau txoj cai uas lwm tus neeg xaiv, thiab feem ntau ntawm qhov qis tshaj qhov kev cai tso cai.

Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom yuav saib tsis pom: cov ntawv pov hwm uas tuaj nrog CIF npog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas xav tau los ntawm ICC lub koom haum cargo clauses C-kev phom sij loj, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho cov spectrum. Rau lub thawv 40-ko taw ntim nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus npog thiab qhov tseeb raug yog tus neeg yuav khoom kaw. Leej twg lees txais CIF yuav tsum nyeem daim ntawv pov hwm kev pov hwm thiab nug cov lus nug tsis xis nyob: dab tsi tsis them, thiab nws yuav raug nqi dab tsi ntxiv?

Kaum ib nqe lus, npaj los ntawm Incoterms 2020 kev faib tawm. Cov uas tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsim khoom tsim khoom raug hu tawm.

Ob yam uas yuav tsum tau nyeem los ntawm lub rooj no. Ua ntej, dej hiav txwv- nqe lus mus rau -FOB, CFR, CIF- txhua tus sib koom tib lub sijhawm pheej hmoo. Chaw thau khoom. Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lawv yog leej twg them rau kev hla thiab kev pov hwm. Qhov thib ob, tsev neeg "D" thawb tus neeg muag khoom lub luag haujlwm txhua txoj hauv kev mus rau qhov chaw, uas ua rau DDP txaus nyiam rau tus neeg yuav khoom ua qhov no thawj zaug thiab ntshai rau tus neeg muag khoom tus nqi tsis paub txog lwm qhov kawg.

Hloov txhua cov lus rau tib Incoterm ua ntej muab piv rau chav tsev nqi. Qhov ntawd yog kev qhuab qhia, thiab nws tsis yog lej lej koj tuaj yeem ua qhov muag tsis pom -koj xav tau cov ntawv xa khoom thauj, cov ntawv pov hwm kev pov hwm, thiab cov nqi xa mus los ntawm koj tus kheej xa mus los tsim qhov sib piv tseeb. Qee cov neeg muag khoom hais txog CIF ntawm tus lej uas zoo li qis dua tus nqi FOB tus nqi sib tw vim tias cov khoom thauj thiab kev pov hwm tau raug muab ci rau hauv ib qho -tus nqi hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas ua rau kev sib piv. Lwm tus tsuas yog siv tus nqi thauj khoom uas zoo siab tshaj qhov koj tus neeg xa khoom yuav hais. Ob qhov kev ua si ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom uas tsis nthuav tawm lub sijhawm.

Rau lo lus nug los nug ua ntej ob tus nqi raug teem ib sab:

Kev nthuav dav tsim nyog cais: ib lub Hoobkas hauv Shandong hais FOB Qingdao yog hais txog tus nqi txawv teb chaws ntau dua li ib qho quoting FOB Shanghai. Qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem yog ntau pua daus las ntawm lub thawv ntim puv. Cov neeg yuav khoom uas xav tias tag nrho cov chaw nres nkoj hauv Suav teb sib npaug los ntawm lawv lub Hoobkas mis nyeem cov lus hais raws nraim tus nqi ntawm lub tsheb.

Lub Incoterm thiab lub sij hawm them nyiaj yog ob daim ntawv qhia ntawm tib thaj chaw. Ib tug hais tias leej twg yog tus tswv cov khoom ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Lwm tus hais tias leej twg yog tus tswv cov nyiaj. Tsis ua hauj lwm ib leeg.

Ib tus neeg yuav khoom uas kos npe rau FOB nrog 30/70 T / T tau pom zoo rau ob yam: txij li lub sijhawm lub thawv hla lub nkoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau, kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom thauj yog lawv li; thiab 70 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov nyiaj tseem tshuav, tso tawm tawm tsam daim ntawv sau nqi. Qhov no yog tus qauv. Nws ua haujlwm tau. Tab sis nws txhais tau hais tias tus neeg yuav khoom tau nqa cov khoom thauj tsis muaj pov hwm hla dej hiav txwv yog tias lawv tsis nco qab npaj cov nkoj hiav txwv- lossis yog tias lawv xav tias CIF thaum lawv tau kos npe FOB tiag tiag.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim nyog rau kev tshuaj xyuas tshaj plaws yog DDP nrog T / T them nyiaj.

Nyob rau hauv DDP tus neeg muag khoom xa tuaj rau koj lub qhov rooj, tshem tawm thiab ua haujlwm them. Lub simplicity yog tiag tiag. Yog li yog qhov raug: tus neeg muag khoom tau tswj hwm txhua qhov kev thauj mus los thiab kev lis kev cai ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tus neeg yuav khoom tau them tus nqi tso nyiaj thiab tau cog lus sib npaug ua ntej ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam tshwm sim. DDP ua rau kev txiav txim siab nrog tus neeg xa khoom koj tau ua kaum xaj nrog. Nrog tus neeg muag khoom koj tsis tau ntsib, ntawm thawj lub thawv, rooj plaub rau DDP yog nyias. Lub qhov rooj-rau- qhov rooj yooj yim yog qhov txaus nyiam. Qhov concentration ntawm kev ntseeg siab ntawm ib sab ntawm kev sib pauv yog tsawg dua.

Cov khoom lag luam kev kawm tam sim no suav nrog peb sab ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb: covcov lus qhia txog kev them nyiajtuav cov nyiaj, phau ntawv qhia no tuav cov khoom, thiab covphau ntawv qhia ntimtuav dab tsi tshwm sim rau cov khoom thauj hauv kev thauj mus los. Rau cov lus hais nrog Incoterm, qhov chaw nres nkoj, kev cais tawm, thiab lub sijhawm them nyiaj tau npaj ua ke -FOB Qingdao lossis CIF rau koj qhov chaw nres nkoj-tiv tauj peb pab neeg muag khoom.